1. Elements in the same group rather than the same period have the most similar proprieties, because for the most part, atoms in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. This means that they will react in the same way, making the same bonds to other atoms.
2. Elements in the same group on the Periodic Table tend to react the same way because they have the same number of valence electrons. For example, Magnesium would react similarly to Beryllium because they are both in group 2 (Alkali Earth Metals), and each have 2 valence electrons.
3. With an electron configuration of 2-8-1, when Sodium reacts with a nonmetal, it loses its valence electron, making it a cation, with a charge of +1. Also the Sodium ion will have a new electron configuration of 2-8, making it most similar to the noble gas Neon (Ne). As a result of this, the Sodium ion has become more stable.
Enrichment: Pure Sodium is created through a Carbon Burning Process(also caller Carbon Fusion). This is when two Carbon atoms are fused together at an extremely hot temperature, creating what we used in the lab, Na-23.
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