Lab 10.1 Solubility Curves

Salt, Sugar, and Methyl Alcohol are polar because they dissolve in water, which is also polar. Acetane, Wax, and Lighter Fluid are Non Polar because they did not dissolve in water. From the data, I can conclude that Ethanol is less polar than water, but still polar. I would expect Ethanol to dissolve in water, and expect Hexane not to dissolve in Water. NH3 and HCl are polar, and therefore would dissolve in water, but not Hexane. 2I is non-polar and would not dissolve in water, and would dissolve in hexane. Ionic materials tend to dissolve well in water because they are oppositely charged, have different electronegativities, and are polar. Since water is also polar, ionic substances are extremely soluble in it, and since Hexane is not polar, ionic substances will not dissolve well in it.
Enrichment: I expect Carbon Dioxide to dissolve much more in water because it is polar. Nitrogen and Oxygen gas, however, I would expect to not dissolve very easily, because they are covalently bonded, and are not polar. If O2 and CO2 didn't dissolve in water, aquatic life could not survive, because the life systems under water need these gases to sustain through processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

10.2 Portion: Temperature significantly affects the solubility of certain substances. The greater the temperature, the more soluble a substance will be. So in order to make something to dissolve more quickly, one could heat up the solvent/solution. In terms of the particles, the more average kinetic energy, the faster the particles are moving, and they can have more effective collisions or dissociate, depending on the solute. Surface area does factor into solubility for the same reason; the more surface area, the more effective collisions. Unsaturated means that the solution contains less solute than possible, saturated means that the solution contains the maximum amount of solute possible, and super saturated means that the solution contains greater than the maximum amount of solute possible and would have some undissolved solute at the bottom of the solution.
Enrichment: Rock candy is made by dissolving sugar in hot water (and adding food coloring for marketing reasons) until the solution is saturated, and can contain no more salt. After the mixture is completely homogeneous, it is slowly cooled until it is hardened into a super saturated mixture.